This can happen during divorce where the child becomes excessively hostile and rejecting of one parent. However, it can also happen within families that are still intact. 

Transgenerational dynamics can have a bearing on these matter’s which is a factor to be aware of when handling such cases in court.

If children are being abused or neglected, then this would not be classified as parental alienation. Parental Alienation can only be applied if the alienated parent is not abusing or neglecting the child and there is no justifiable reason for the level of hatred that is often seen in these cases.

What can be done?

In the UK, family law is designed to protect the rights of each parent and the best interests of the child and is based on the principle that both parents have a responsibility to care for their children.

This means that both parents have a right to be involved in their children’s lives and to have access to them. The law also recognises that it is usually beneficial to the child for both parents to be involved in their upbringing.

So when one parent attempts to alienate the other parent from the child, it can have a damaging effect on the child’s emotional wellbeing. 

The child may feel confused, scared, and angry. They may also feel guilty for not wanting to spend time with the other parent which can lead to long-term psychological damage.

In the past, parental alienation was seen as just one of the adverse side effects of a dissolving relationship. However, the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS) in the UK started a pilot scheme to preventseparated parents poisoning their child in this way. They may have their child taken away from them or contact may be denied. 

In the UK, family law recognises that parental alienation is a form of psychological abuse and can be grounds for the court to intervene. The court can make orders to protect the child and the other parent from further alienation.

These orders can be for:

• supervised contact.

• ensuring the alienating parent does not interfere with the other parent’s relationship with the child, such as making negative comments about the other parent.

• the alienating parent not to disrupt the other parent’s access to the child, which can happen when they make it difficult for the other parent to spend time with the child.

• the alienating parent not to interfere with the other parent’s involvement in the child’s life. This occurs when the other parent is prevented from attending school events or from making decisions about the child’s education or medical care.

• ensuring the other parent’s financial support of the child is not interfered with by the alienating parent. They may be preventing the payment of child maintenance or not allowing the other parent to have a say about the child’s finances.

In addition to this, quite often a therapeutic approach can be very successful in changing this dynamic. The alienating parent can be ordered to attend counselling or parenting classes which can be for the long term benefit of all involved

The post What is Parental Alienation? And How Can This Be Handled with Family Law? appeared first on Ludlow Lane.

And in the early stages of a relationship it can be easy to think things will always be smooth and problem free. Not having a legally binding arrangement, as you would in marriage, may be liberating. Discussing how children, finances, and property will be dealt with may seem unnecessary. You may think: “We love each other. Why would we disagree?”

Well, the reality is: Disagreements happen.

Even in the most breezy relationships.

Not discussing and deciding on important matters that have a big impact on both of your lives, such as asset division and parental responsibility, can put you at unnecessary risk.

Cohabiting couples have very few rights when it comes to children, property and finances. English and Welsh law does not deem unmarried couples to be in a legal relationship which means they are at risk should the relationship come to an end.

However, legal protection is available should problems arise.

Cohabitation Agreement

A cohabitation agreement can help to clarify things such as parental responsibility and splitting of property and assets. It can also be useful when dividing up payment of any debts, mortgages, holidays and repair and maintenance of property. Decisions about taking out life insurance and making a will can also be clarified with this.

To be considered in court a cohabitation agreement will need to meet the following requirements:

• The agreement was entered into freely and voluntarily by both parties.

• Full disclosure of all financial wealth has been made by both parties.

• Both parties independently sought legal advice about the agreement.

• The agreement is in the form of a deed and has been signed by both parties.

It is also imperative to keep the agreement updated with big life events such as the birth of children, disability, loss of employment etc.

Let’s look at one of the aspects that can be clarified using a cohabitation agreement.

Accounts and Assets

When it comes to money, it can be easier to keep bank accounts separate. However, things can become complicated that way.

For instance, should one partner die, the other will have no access or entitlement to the account and any balance will just become part of the deceased partner’s estate.

On the other hand, it can save a lot of stress if both partners have access to a joint account and have come to an agreement as to how the money must be divided before anything goes wrong.

But when it comes to debt, joint debts are more risky as both partners will be held responsible for the whole amount.

In this case, if one partner is financially irresponsible this can all fall on the other partner should the relationship end or that partner dies.

With assets, unmarried couples don’t automatically inherit a partner’s assets in the event of death. Rather, the estate of the deceased will be divided up according to intestacy if there is no Will in place which may mean the surviving partner may end up with nothing.

And of course, as with any other legal matters, when in doubt it is best to consult with a family lawyer

You never know how much asking for help could save you. Contact our team today.

The post Legal Protection for Cohabiting Couples appeared first on Ludlow Lane.

Deciding on a new school can be an especially arduous process at times but it can be even more so when trying to come to an agreement with an ex partner.

So what does ‘parental responsibility’ entail by law and how can separated parents deal with disagreements over schooling?

Parental Responsibility

Even after separation or divorce, parental responsibility involves many things such as medical treatment and choice of religion. Italso includes making decisions about your child’s education.

Legally, parental responsibility automatically lies with the birth mother and the father has parental responsibility if he is married to the mother when the child is born. In the case of unmarried parents, if the father is registered on the child’s birth certificate as their father (after 2003) parental responsibility can be acquired. The father can also attain parental responsibility by entering into a parental responsibility agreement with the mother or applying for a Court order.

Only under rare and extreme circumstances is it deemed in the child’s best interests for parental responsibility to be taken away from a parent. So parents are expected to discuss and come to agreements about important decisions relating to their child’s education. But this doesn’t always happen. They simply may not agree or unilateral decisions are being made without consulting the other parent. 

In this case, what are the options?

Mediation

Mediation may be an option if the case is not time sensitive and can be very helpful. This would be with a trained, independent third party mediator. They will assist in encouraging open and productive communication between the parents to be able to come to an amicable decision. They may even talk to the child to assist in this process, depending on their age.

However, at times mediation may not be effective in which case a Specific Issue Order or a Prohibited Steps Order are options.Both require that the parents try mediation prior to applying for these Court orders. 

Court Orders

A Specific Issue Order is for dealing with a specific matter concerning the child, such as what school the child should go to.

A Prohibited Steps Order is to stop the other parent exercising their parental responsibility unilaterally, such as taking the child out of school or threatening to do so.

The Court’s main concern with these cases is what is going to be in the best interests of the child, so a range of factors will be considered such as the effects of the change, any harm they may suffer and how capable the parents are of meeting the child’s needs.

This will also include the child’s:

• feelings and wishes

• physical, emotional and educational needs

• age, sex and background

And of course, parent’s need to have these considerations in mind as well as many others such as the location of the school and how that affects logistics of child arrangements, the financial impact of changing schools.

So yes, it can be a complicated process. However, it can be helpful to know there are options and help available. To speak to a divorce professional can put your mind at rest and Sara and the team are always on hand to chat through options with you.

The post Having Disputes With Your Ex About Schooling? appeared first on Ludlow Lane.

Well, you should probably do the same. Things have gotten serious and you will need the help of an expert to resolve issues.

This is just one of the many ways family lawyers can help.

Family lawyers can help to settle family conflicts without necessarily taking matters to court. They are a great buffer too, acting as mediators in resolving legal arguments and disputes among family members.

Family Law covers a wide range of aspects. Let’s find out more about what it is and what areas it serves.

What is Family Law and what does it cover?

Family Law can be broken down into three main areas of law, namely: matrimonial, finance and child law. These can be specialised in but some lawyers choose to have a mixed client base.

Family Law involves a focus on issues with regards to family relationships such as marriage, adoption, divorce, child arrangements.The most common reasons the help of a family law solicitor is enlisted is for divorce, child arrangements/child support, paternity, adoption/foster care.

But family law solicitors can also assist in cases of domesticviolence, guardianship, child abuse and neglect, emancipation and reproductive rights as well as:

• Drafting important legal documents such as court petitions or property agreements

• Representing clients in family court proceedings or in negotiations related to these matters

• Inheritance law, retirements and pensions

Different Countries Different Laws

To add to the broad scope of expertise, a family lawyer practicing in the UK also needs to take into consideration the differing laws in Scotland, the Republic of Ireland, and England and Wales. 

For example, although the Republic of Ireland has a similar procedure to England’s “no-fault” basis, a divorce will not be granted in Ireland unless the finances of the marriage are addressed at the same time. “Proper provision” needs to be made for the spouses and any dependent children of the marriage.

Apart from needing to keep up with all updates to the law, family law solicitors need to have specific skills.

Qualities a Family Lawyer needs

Because of the sensitive nature of the areas in which family law solicitors operate, they need to master a specific mix of skills or qualities such as:

• Effective Communication

It is easy to get bogged down by too much legal jargon which is why it is vital for family lawyers to communicate clearly. It may be necessary for them to break certain concepts down, repeat things and communicate at a slower pace to ensure everything is understood by the client. The lawyer should also make the client feel at ease about asking questions at any point.

• Outside the Box Thinking

Cases of child support, child arrangements and divorce can become complex which is why it’s essential for family lawyers to be able to come up with creative solutions to their client’s problems.

• Dedication

Matters such as divorces can drag on for weeks or months. Such is the nature of Family law issues, which is why family law solicitors need to be dedicated to serving the legal needs of their clients. Right to the, hopefully not, bitter end!

• Professionalism

While it is necessary for family lawyers to show empathy for their clients, it is also just as important for them to remain professional above all else. If a lawyer becomes too emotionally affected they can risk making decisions that will not be in the best interests of their clients.

All of that said, have you taken all of the above into account and wondering whether we can help with your specific case? Feel free to get in touch.

The post How to choose the best family lawyer and what they do? appeared first on Ludlow Lane.

This greatly simplifies the process.

But there are still other things to take care of that can be complex. Particularly when sorting out the finances.

What each party is entitled to differs from case to case. Generally, the types of matrimonial assets that may be included are money, property, businesses, vehicles, financial support (child/spousal maintenance), life insurance policies and possessions such as furniture and appliances.

And of course, pensions.

Pensions

The law allowing divorcees to share pensions came into effect in 2000, yet a very small percentage of people include their pensions in financial divorce settlements. Pensions are pipped to the post by family homes and businesses because their value is often overlooked.

In fact, pensions usually hold greater monetary value than property in the marriage.

Particularly for women. This is because the average man has almost ten times the amount of pension wealth a woman has, according to a recent study.

So a pension sharing order can be of far more use and value to former spouses – particularly women – than property or abusiness.

But it could be, with many going the DIY divorce route, thatdividing pensions seems too complicated to handle. But it can be worth getting the assistance of a solicitor or financial advisor to be able to go this route. 

Multiple Pensions

Preparation is key when it comes to dividing pensions. It is quite common these days to have a few pension “pots” when retiring, such as:

• Workplace pensions

• Any portion of your basic state pension that falls under the Additional State Pension/SERPS rules

• Personal pension schemes, for example Self-Invested Personal Pensions (SIPPs), Group Personal Pensions (GPPs) or stakeholder pensions

It is best for both parties to list all the pension plans they have and to acquire a copy of the rules for each plan so that the value of these can be taken into account in the settlement.

You will need to know:

• The recent values of both your and your partner’s pensions (including the Cash Equivalent Transfer Value of any final salary pensions) and submit a financial statement (form E).

• If there are any other pension benefits available to a spouse or civil partner under these schemes. These could be amounts that would be paid to you or your children when a spouse dies, which may be nullified with divorce.

Pension Splitting

Factors such as pension scheme rules, age and employment status have a bearing on which is the best route for you to go, but here are some of the options that may be available:

• Pension Offsetting

Pension Offsetting is where one person keeps their pension in exchange for letting go of another asset such as the family business or home. Although this allows for a clean break, it can be difficult to make sure the distribution is fair.  

• Pension Sharing

A Pension Sharing Order is transferring a percentage of one person’s pension to the other. The party on the receiving end could become a member of the other’s pension scheme or transfer the value of that to another pension. Having separate pensions is great but financial advice is necessary to navigate this complex process.

• Pensions Attachment

Also known as “Earmarking”, this is when a lump sum or income is paid to the other when they start taking their pension. Similar to maintenance, it can be a fair way to split the pension. However, it also means it’s not a clean break as the pension holder has control over what investments are chosen and when payments are made.

• Deferred Pension Sharing (not applicable in Scotland)

If one spouse is older and already receiving a pension, this is the option to share the pension at a later date.

• Deferred Lump Sum (not applicable in Scotland)

This is when one party, upon retiring, is required to pay a percentage of their tax-free pension lump sum to the other.

• Individual Agreement

It is possible for the divorcing couple to come to their own financial agreements regarding their pensions without involving the court. However, it is best to document what has been agreed to legally and seek professional advice before going with this option.

We hope this has helped shed some light on the subject. For any assistance with this process, please contact us.

The post Divorce Settlements – What about the Pension? appeared first on Ludlow Lane.

So when it comes to the divorce process and settlement agreements, splitting all assets and debts down the middle sounds like it would be the fairest solution.

This can be the case in some instances, but not all. Just like no two people are alike, not all situations in divorce are the same.

But what all needs to be taken into account?

Matrimonial and non-matrimonial assets

Matrimonial assets or community property is usually what is up for debate in divorce settlements. Matrimonial assets are all the things you or your spouse acquired together during the marriage.

The two largest matrimonial assets are usually the family home and either party’s pension. But these can also include:

• Contents of the house such as furniture

• Vehicles purchased

• Debts accrued

• Other real estate properties

• Savings accounts and banked cash

• Stocks and investments

• Businesses

Non-matrimonial assets or separate property, on the other hand, consists of everything either party owned before the marriage. This can also include inherited items and gifts. 

Fair is not always equal

Finances and property acquisition are tricky subjects at the best of times. After each individual’s financial status has been laid out on the table in full detail, there are many other factors that need to be considered such as:

• each individual’s needs when it comes to housing, income and available resources

• what the standard of living was before separation

• the age of each party

• the length of the marriage

• if there are any disabilities

• contributions made by each individual to the family, such as caring for children

• any assets and whether they were owned or inherited before getting married

The main reason it is not always fair to split everything 50/50 is because each person’s situation after the divorce is likely to be very different.

An example of this is if one party is the primary carer of any dependent children. Understandably, their need is likely to be greater in terms of housing and income than the other party. This parent is also likely to have limited earning and mortgage capacity due to taking care of the children, leading to needingmore of the assets.

Conclusion

All things considered, this is clearly not a cut and dry subject.There are many factors that need to be thought about carefully.

As it is with most things in the divorce arena, it is best to get some professional advice from a family divorce lawyer rather than going it alone. There is plenty of advice available out there – on the internet and from friends and family – but not all of it is verified.

And even if it is, it may not apply in your specific situation.

In these times that encourage self-sufficiency, it may be wiser to ask for the help and support you need in navigating through a stressful time such as this.

Please feel free to get in touch with us about your unique situation. We would be happy to guide you through the process.

The post Divorce settlements: Is everything split 50/50 in a divorce? appeared first on Ludlow Lane.

At the moment, for a divorce to go through, one of the following five criteria need to be met:

• Adultery

• Unreasonable behavior

• Separation for 2 years with consent

• Desertion for 2 years

• Separation for 5 years

I’m sure you would agree that the procedure of proving or going through any one of these prolongs and increases the painfulness of an already agonising process.

NO MORE FAULT FINDING

Over the last few decades, life has changed considerably and we believe the change to this law will bring great relief to many.

The amendment does away with having to put the blame on anyone. All that will be required is for one party to state that there was an “irretrievable breakdown”. This will prevent having to stir up painful issues, present or past.

This change is also especially helpful when the couple have come to a mutual and peaceful agreement that they have grown apart or are no longer in love, which is one of the most common reasons for divorce.

Let’s see what other changes have come into effect.

BOTH PARTIES CAN APPLY FOR DIVORCE

Currently, only one person can apply for the divorce and the other responds. This can make it seem like the party that is making the application is in control of the proceedings. Once again, with couples that are on amicable terms and have come to a mutual decision, this can create unnecessary ill feelings.

With both parties being able to make the application. it brings balance to the situation.

TIME TO COOL OFF

Although for some this can make the process a bit longer, a cooling off period can help give some space and time to the couple to sort various other matters out between them and individually.

A minimum of 20 weeks from the start of divorce proceedings towhen the ‘Conditional Order’ (previously known as ‘Decree Nisi’) can be applied for.

NO MORE CONTESTING

Under the new legislation, divorce proceedings cannot be contested any longer. This will make a huge difference when one party is not in agreement with the divorce and will help to avoidunnecessarily costly and emotionally charged legal action.

It also prevents people from being trapped in an unhappy marriage waiting for the 5 year separation rule to come to an end. 

The no-fault divorce law will allow challenges to the divorce proceedings only under limited circumstances. But these cannot be related to the disintegration of the marriage. Examples of this would be when the validity of the marriage is in question or if there is another procedural non-compliance.

TERMINOLOGY UPDATE

Updating of certain terms that are regularly used will be a welcome change. This will help those involved to feel less overwhelmed by all the new information in an emotional time such as this.

The changes will be:

• ‘Conditional Order’ in place of ‘Decree Nisi’

• ‘Applicant’ in place of ‘Petitioner’

• ‘Application’ in place of ‘Divorce Petition’

• ‘Divorce Order’ in place of ‘Decree Absolute’

CONCLUSION

Some were hoping for these changes to come into effect sooner, but there were no doubt quite a few factors to consider – one being the changes that will need to be made to the online divorce portals. The seeming delay has also given practitioners time to familiarise themselves with the new law before it came into effect.

If you need any advice or assistance navigating the divorce process with these new changes, please get in touch with us and we would be happy to guide you through it.

The post No Blame Divorce Comes Into Effect 6 April 2022 appeared first on Ludlow Lane.

When it comes to long term relationships very few people feel it is necessary to get married. Or at times they are aiming for it but never quite get there with all the busyness of life.

It is quite common for couples to live together for many years before getting married or continue to live together without ever getting married or having the relationship legally recognised through civil partnership.

However, no matter how long the relationship has lasted or if children are involved, the rights of unmarried cohabiting couples have been limited.

The Law Commission published a report in 2007 recommending that the laws affecting cohabiting couples be changed, specifically in terms of being able to claim for financial support after separation or death. However, in 2011 the Government declared that this would not be taken forward.

It is unfortunate as it often children who get an especially raw deal.

The Good News

The good news is that change is afoot.

The Department of Work and Pensions have acknowledged this support is life-saving for these families and have announced that bereavement support will be extended to cohabiting couples with children.

The Government has proposed that Widowed Parent’s Allowance and Bereavement Support payments will be available to the surviving cohabiting partners provided they were living together until the date of death and have dependent children.

This change is scheduled to come into effect next spring and will be applicable from 30 August 2018 so thousands of families will be able to receive backdated payments in lump sums. This is the date the Supreme Court ordered the Government to treat unmarried and married couples equally.

However, some charities (CPAG, WAY and Childhood Bereavement Network) are imploring the Government that backdated bereavement support payments should begin from 6 April 2017, which is the date these payments were introduced. This would allow thousands more families to benefit.

What to do

If you are currently in a cohabiting relationship, it is a relief that this policy is now being brought into effect for future. While it is comforting to know this support will now be available, it is always a good idea to have put some plans in place before something happens. We recommend that Wills be made out and necessary arrangements are discussed and written down.

Having everyone involved on the same page is the best way to reduce the stressfulness of what will inevitably be a trying situation.

And if you are already in this challenging situation of having suffered the loss of your partner recently or in the last 3 – 4 years, it’s best not to wait for the policy change to officially come into effect.

Put your claim in now to ensure it is on file by contacting the Bereavement Service Helpline on 0800 791 0469.

And if you need any help, we’re only a call away.

The post Bereavement Benefit for Cohabiting Couples appeared first on Ludlow Lane.

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In an already stressful situation, it’s unfortunate that it’s so often the innocent children that pay the price in many ways.

Parents are required by law to provide for their children no matter what the living arrangement may be. For separated families, child maintenance is essential in helping parents support themselves and their children and Child Maintenance Services (CMS) are a vital cog in the wheel of the survival of single parent families. It is a new service run by the government which has replaced the Child Support Agency (CSA).

The CMS offers a ‘Direct Pay’ service where they assist with calculating the child maintenance amount. No fees are charged and parents liaise between themselves about payment arrangements.

But it is rare for separated parents to be able to come to an agreement on their own.

That’s where their ‘Collect and Pay’ service comes in. This serves as a mediator of sorts between the parents, to ensure that money is collected from the non-resident parent and paid over to the resident parent.

However, it seems that this system is not working very well.

According to Gingerbread, a leading charity organisation that assists single parent families, the CMS is charging for services they seem unable to deliver on. Not only is this fee deducted from the money the child should be receiving, but they are not receiving the money at all.

The money is also not being collected from the paying parent. Since the formation of the CMS in 2012, there has been over £408 million in unpaid child maintenance owed through ‘Collect and Pay’.

Gingerbread agrees to the fee being charged to non-resident parents who are not willing to pay the maintenance. However, they do not agree that resident parents should pay either the £20 application fee or the 4% levy on money received.

Gingerbread is therefore campaigning for the fees charged to resident parents by the “Collect and Pay” service to be dropped. One of the reasons is that this fee forces parents on the receiving end to extract the money rightly owed from the paying parent by whatever means possible. This, understandably, results in the cycle of abuse in relationships being exacerbated.

Research has shown that if these single parent families currently living below the bread line that are owed child maintenance were paid what was due, 60% would be elevated out of poverty.

What a difference that would make.

If you find yourself in this situation it can be a disheartening place to be. However, thanks to the law, hope is on the horizon.

As of June this year, the Department for Work and Pensions were consulting on secondary legislation with regards to payment issues under CMS.

At the same time investigations of the CMS were being conducted by the National Audit and DWP Minister, Baroness Stedman Scott, announced an independent inquiry into how the CMS assists survivors of domestic abuse.

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